Purpose: This paper aims to propose an approach for identifying and prioritizing ecosystem indicators for effective ecosystem management. Specifically, Fuzzy Delphi and Fuzzy DEMATEL approaches are used to define ecosystem management goals and indicators, rank the importance of quality attributes in ecosystem management, and rank the effectiveness of each indicator in each pillar of ecosystem management. The ultimate goal is to provide a tool to decision-makers that can help in allocating resources more effectively and efficiently toward achieving sustainability. Design/methodology/approach: The proposed approach involves a three-phase framework. Phase 1 involves identifying and determining the indicators affecting ecosystem management. This has been performed by studying theoretical articles, reviewing systematic literature, and searching previous studies to identify different indicators for each pillar of ecosystem management. A list of indicators and factors affecting each of the pillars of ecosystem management has been determined accordingly, and an initial categorization has been created using library studies. Phase 2 involves using a Fuzzy Delphi method to rank the most important indicators in each pillar of ecosystem management. Experts have been asked to indicate their proposed indicators in a questionnaire based on Fuzzy variables, and the degree of proportionality of the proposed factors. Phase 3 involves using a Fuzzy DEMATEL approach to rank the effectiveness of each indicator in each pillar of ecosystem management. This approach handles imprecise or subjective data and can be replicated for different cities. Overall, this methodology aims to provide a comprehensive approach for identifying and prioritizing ecosystem indicators that can be used by decision-makers in environmental management and policy-making. Findings: Findings imply that the integrated approach of the Fuzzy Delphi Method and the Fuzzy DEMATEL can be used to identify and rank the importance of quality attributes in ecosystem management, and to rank the effectiveness of each indicator in each pillar of the ecosystem management. A total of 36 indicators were identified across four pillars of ecosystem management, i.e., economic, social, environmental and institutional. The results indicated that the most important indicators for each pillar were science and technology and innovation for the economic pillar; air quality, waste treatment and energy efficiency for the environmental pillar; poverty, health, and safety and security for the social pillar; and transparent sharing of information and political stability for institutional pillar. It was also found that there was a strong interrelationship between different pillars of ecosystem management. For example, the institutional pillar had serious effects on most of the other identified EM pillars. In addition, the economic pillar was the second most influential factor. Moreover, the institutional pillar profoundly influenced the environmental pillar. Finally, the economic pillar highly affected the environmental pillar, which doubled the complexity of ecosystem management. Research limitations/implications: Several limitations and implications have been addressed for future research. The number of participating experts was limited, which could affect the results and limit the possibility of their summarization. Expert bias may have influenced the results of the study. Such limitations imply that further research with a larger and more diverse group of experts is necessary to validate and expand upon such findings. This study was limited in scope to a particular ecosystem or region and the identified indicators as a result may not apply and be generalizable to other ecosystems or regions. Based on the cause-and-effect relationships between the studied elements, a hypothesis can be expanded and validated using a larger sample. Future studies could replicate this methodology in different contexts to test its applicability and effectiveness. Practical implications: Decision-makers in environmental management and policy-making can use the methodology presented in this study to identify and prioritize ecosystem indicators. By using an integration of the Fuzzy Delphi Method and the Fuzzy DEMATEL, decision-makers can identify the most important indicators for each pillar of ecosystem management and evaluate their effectiveness. This information can be used to allocate resources more effectively and efficiently toward achieving sustainability. Decision-makers could use this methodology to evaluate different ecosystem management practices and policies, and develop new policies or modify existing ones to better address the needs of different stakeholders. Overall, this study provides a useful tool for decision-makers in environmental management and policy-making by providing a comprehensive approach to identifying and prioritising ecosystem indicators. Social implications: This study highlights the importance of considering social factors in ecosystem management. The study identifies several social indicators, such as poverty and material deprivation, education level, public awareness and training, gender equality, and social participation. By prioritizing such indicators in ecosystem management, decision-makers can ensure that the needs and perspectives of different stakeholders are taken into account. This can help to promote social equity and cohesion, which are important for achieving sustainable development. Furthermore, by involving a wide range of stakeholders in the decision-making process, including local communities and marginalized groups, decision-makers can ensure that ecosystem management policies are more inclusive and responsive to the needs of all members of society. Overall, this study highlighted the importance of considering social factors in ecosystem management and provides a useful framework for identifying and prioritizing social indicators. Originality/value: The main contribution of this study is the application of the integrated approaches of the Fuzzy Delphi Method and the Fuzzy DEMATEL to identify and rank the importance of quality attributes in ecosystem management. This methodology is innovative because it allows decision-makers to handle imprecise or subjective data, which is often encountered in ecosystem management. The study provides a three-phase framework for identifying and prioritizing ecosystem indicators, which can be replicated for different cities. Findings indicated that science and technology, air quality, poverty, and transparent sharing of information were identified as the most important quality indicators in their respective pillars of ecosystem management alternatives. This implies that decision-makers and policymakers should consider allocating more resources toward improving such areas. Overall, this study provided a useful tool for decision-makers in environmental management and policy-making by providing a comprehensive approach to identifying and prioritizing ecosystem indicators.

Maintenance is one of the systems which can play an essential role in the success of manufacturing and services systems. One of the most maintenance innovative approaches is agile maintenance. Based on this approach, organizations integrate maintenance concepts with agility features such as: flexibility, agile and fast move, etc and also are trying to provide one hundred percent preparing equipment. This research aims to consider the literature related to agile maintenance and to provide key and effective factors of agile maintenance in vehicle industry in Iran using a Fuzzy Delphi method. This research applies Fuzzy DEMATEL method for providing a ranking and relationships between criterion. The results showed that the key and effective factors are as bellow: the quick decisions, the coordination, the capability and infrastructure of IT, the sharing information actively with partners, the quantity and quality of services, the utilization of the appropriate technology, the accurate planning of activities, the planning demand supply, the control maintenance, the top manager commitment, the participatory management style, the virtual organization. The quick decisions and the sharing information actively with partners are the most effective and the most impressible factors as well.

The results of research in the field of financing based on a behavioral approach suggest that investors may be irrational; As a result, investors' cognitive bias or psychological factors can influence their decisions. Thus, stock price volatility depends not only on the intrinsic value shown by accounting information, but also on the irrational behavior of investors, which can be measured by the investor's inclinations. Therefore, considering the importance of this field, the present study presents a model of investors' tendencies with emphasis on psychological factors with Fuzzy Delphi and DEMATEL methods. This research is a data foundation research. Also, this research is a type of mixed research in which two approaches used in behavioral sciences, namely quantitative and qualitative, are used. The statistical population of this research is divided into two parts. The first part of the statistical population consists of financial and investment experts, which includes experts in this field, who are consulted to determine the dimensions, components and indicators, and the second part of the statistical population includes all university professors who have a doctorate in finance. And are investments. Using Fuzzy Delphi method, the optimal criteria of investors 'tendencies with emphasis on psychological factors were extracted and the final model of the levels of optimal factors of investors' tendencies with emphasis on psychological factors was also drawn. Also, the effect and influence of factors on each other were evaluated using DEMATEL method.

In this paper, driving forces for the renewable-energy sector have been ranked with using a hybrid approach. Identification of driving forces' importance is a crucial step in national foresight projects or strategic planning in energy management area. So, firstly, the review of the literature and the opinions of experts and Fuzzy Delphi method are used to identify and classify of driving forces for renewable energy. Secondly, the classification of driving forces is examined with using the Fuzzy DEMATEL method and their causal relationships. In the final stage, we used results from prior stage to rank driving forces with an analytical network process. The results show that the technology capability and political stability are the most important driving forces for renewable energy that can be used for creating scenarios and strategic planning.

Background: The balanced scorecard (BSC) provides useful and relevant information about the factors affecting the internal and external performance of the organization and it is the most suitable framework for evaluating the performance of healthcare organizations. One of the key principles in using the BSC is to identify the appropriate views of each organization with regard to its main mission so that it can achieve the best results to achieve its goals and strategy. The present study is aimed to identify the views and related goals in the BSC model suitable for health care centers using the Fuzzy Delphi technique. Methods: The present study was a qualitative and applied research. The statistical population of the research included 15 experts in the field of health and treatment who were selected by purposive sampling. First, through literature review, and then with the help of a researcher-made questionnaire with the consensus of experts using the Delphi technique in two rounds, the views of the BSC and the related goals were determined according to the health care centers. Findings: In this research, the perspective of patients and society with three goals, financial status and performance with two goals, growth and development with four goals, internal organizational processes with four goals, and social responsibility as a new perspective with two goals to evaluate the performance of health care centers replaced the traditional perspectives of BSC. Conclusion: The use of 4 points of view appropriate to health care centers in the BSC and the addition of a new point of view under the title of social responsibility to evaluate the performance of health care centers will increase productivity and ultimately increase the satisfaction of patients and society.

The purpose of this research is to design the social marketing model of the insurance industry by using the Fuzzy Delphi and Dimtel approach. This study was carried out in two qualitative and quantitative parts by Fuzzy Delphi and DIMTEL methods. In the qualitative part, the primary components were identified by studying the research literature and conducting interviews with 13 experts. Then, by the Fuzzy Delphi method, finally 113 sub-components in the form of 8 main components were selected as social marketing components in the insurance industry. In the quantitative section, a pairwise comparison questionnaire was designed based on the identified components and was provided to the statistical sample who are experts in the qualitative section. Based on the findings of the qualitative section, the main components are: 1) creating value and new ideas 2) expanding insurance knowledge and insight 3) resourcefulness in life and changing attitudes regarding insurance services 4) creating a sense of need for Insurance in people 5) society culture 6) customer orientation 7) attention to the society 8) foresight. According to the results of the quantitative section, insurance culture, customer orientation and attention to the society are the most influential components in social marketing in the insurance industry.

Small enterprises play a significant role in business development and improving the economic situation. However, studies show that these criteria do not have enough competitiveness and the increasing complexity of the competitive environment has created major challenges for these industries. Identifying a competitive position depends on identifying the sources of competitiveness. From a resource-based view, service delivery depends largely on the organization's resources and capabilities to create a sustainable competitive advantage in the long run. The purpose of this study is to identify and determine the capabilities that have the greatest impact on the competitive advantage of small enterprises in Iran. Based on the resource-based view, service dimensions and capabilities, including managerial, organizational, marketing and service quality capabilities were comprehensively identified through documentary study and with the help of Fuzzy Delphi method and the opinion of 10 experts. In order to structure the relationships between service capability criteria and evaluate their penetration power and dependence on Fuzzy MICMAC and to identify the capabilities that bring the most competitive advantage to small industries by providing a new approach to calculating the weights of criteria by the method Fuzzy DEMATEL was used. The results showed that the criteria of "Corporate Quality", "Analysis and formulation of the strategy" and "Leadership" can maintain the position of small industries in the competitive market and create a competitive advantage.

Construction projects are frequently associated with a high incidence of cost overruns. To address this issue, the present study adopts a descriptive and survey-based approach to identify and rank the factors that contribute to construction costs. The study's statistical population comprises ten expert specialists, and the Fuzzy Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) with Analytical Network Process (ANP) (DANP) technique is utilized to evaluate the research factors. Additionally, the Fuzzy DANP and Delphi methods are employed to rank the essential dimensions and criteria of the research. The study's findings reveal that environmental factors are the primary cause of construction cost overruns, followed by managerial factors and legal and administrative factors, respectively. Dynamic conditions often result in unpredictable challenges for environmental factors, making them a critical driver of construction cost overruns. Therefore, environmental factors play a significant role in contributing to construction cost overruns.

The main purpose of the research is to identify and explain the Effective factors and outcomes of Level five leadership using the Delphi Fuzzy technique. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive survey. Also in terms of typology of research, it is a mix research with qualitative and quantitative approach in inductive deductive paradigm. The statistical population of the research is knowledge based companies in Lorestan province, with 30 of their experts selected according to the principle of theoretical adequacy and using a targeted sampling method.The validity and reliability were confirmed using CVR coefficient and Kappa-Cohen test. In the quantitative section is a pair wise questionnaire whose validity and reliability were confirmed using content validity and retest were used. In the qualitative section, the qualitative data obtained from the interview using Atlas.ti software and the coding method was analyzed. In addition, in the quantitative part of the study, Delphi Fuzzy method was used to determine the priority of the five level Leadership most important factors and outcomes. The results show that among the important factors of five level leadership, temperamental temperance, humility and self-esteem, high emotional intelligence, and courage in innovation as the most important accomplishments and factors leading the level five in knowledge based organizations. The results also indicate that the long-term horizons for the organization, modest leadership, deep dissemination, and mentoring, coaching, mentoring, and organizational management are among the most important consequences and outcomes of the five level leadership in the knowledge based organizations.